Juan Manuel "Mamo" Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda (4 May 1929 – 7 August 2015) was a Chilean Army officer and the former head of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA), Chile's secret police during the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. In 1995, he was convicted of the murder of Chilean diplomat Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C., and sentenced to seven years in prison, which he served until 2001. At the time of his death, Contreras was serving 59 unappealable sentences totaling 529 years in prison for kidnapping, forced disappearance, and assassination.
Contreras was the son of Manuel Contreras Morales and Aída Sepúlveda Cubillos. His parents died when he was six or seven years old. He completed his primary studies at the English Institute of Macul in Santiago. Afterward, his father relocated to Osorno, where he enrolled in the Lyceum of that city.
Contreras enrolled in the Military School in 1944 and graduated with top honors on 23 December 1947. In 1952, after achieving the rank of lieutenant, Contreras returned to the Military School, this time joining the Company of Engineers as a sapper instructor.
In 1953, Contreras married María Teresa Valdebenito Stevenson. During the same year, he became part of the newly-established San Antonio School of Engineers.
In 1960, Contreras enrolled in the War Academy to undertake the General Staff Officer course. It was there that he met Captain Augusto Pinochet, who served as the deputy director of the academy and taught strategy classes. Pinochet's lectures were often centered around his concerns about the success of the Cuban Revolution.
Contreras successfully completed the General Staff Officer course at the War Academy in 1962, ranking first in his class. He was also appointed as a professor at the academy, teaching intelligence and logistics. In 1966, he returned to the academy, this time as a professor of intelligence.
In 1967, Contreras completed a Postgraduate Course as a General Staff Officer at the School of the Americas in Fort Gulick, located in the Panama Canal Zone. During his time there, Contreras became familiar with the repressive tactics employed against opposition groups.
Upon returning to Chile in 1969 with a major's degree, Contreras assumed the role of an intelligence instructor at the Tejas Verdes School of Engineers. In 1970, he was appointed Secretary of the Army General Staff, and in 1971, he became the director of the Engineer Regiment No. 4 Arauco in the city of Osorno. It was during this period that he, along with a group of colonels and captains, began gathering information and devising an intelligence apparatus capable of infiltrating and dismantling leftist organizations.
Contreras established a network of informants in Chile, which included individuals affiliated with right-wing parties and groups like the Nationalist Front Fatherland and Liberty (Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad, FNPL). Simultaneously, he maintained contacts with agents from the CIA and the Naval Intelligence Office in Valparaíso and San Antonio, who were active in Chile at the time. These contacts provided him with manuals utilized by the secret police of various countries, such as the KCIA of South Korea, the SAVAK of Iran, and the National Information Service of Brazil.
A significant portion of Contreras's focus revolved around formulating strategies to neutralize or undermine the industrial unions in which the Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), the Socialist Party, and to a lesser extent, the MAPU, wielded considerable political influence.
By the end of 1972, Contreras was not only overseeing the Tejas Verdes School of Engineers but also instructing at the War Academy.
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA) atrocities
In part of his legal confessions, American-born Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA) operative Michael Townley described Contreras as the "intellectual author" behind the atrocities committed by DINA. In his March 13, 1978 "confession," Townley detailed how his many missions for DINA, which even included Operation Condor operations in Europe and the assassinations of Orlando Letelier and Ronnie Moffitt, were carried out "following orders from Gen. Contreras.” In a letter which Townley wrote to Contreras on March 1, 1978 under the alias J. Andres Wilson, he referred to him as "Don Manuel" and even indicated his belief that Contreras had not “let his Excellency [Pinochet] know the truth about this case” when he discussed the Letelier-Moffitt assassination.
From 1973 to 1977, Contreras led the agency in an international pursuit to locate and eliminate political opponents of the Junta, specifically targeting members of the Communist and Socialist Parties, as well as the former guerrilla group and political party MIR. On November 25, 1975, during Pinochet's 60th birthday, leaders of the military intelligence services of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay convened with Contreras in Santiago de Chile to establish the Plan Condor officially. The report "CIA activities in Chile," released on September 19, 2000, reveals that despite Contreras's involvement in human rights abuses, the US government policy community authorized the CIA's engagement with him from 1974 to 1977 to fulfill their mission in Chile. By 1975, American intelligence reports had identified Contreras as the main obstacle to implementing a rational human rights policy within the Pinochet government. However, the CIA received instructions to maintain its association with Contreras and even provided him with a one-time payment in 1975. The CIA became troubled by Contreras's alleged role in the assassination of Orlando Letelier, a former Allende cabinet member and ambassador to Washington, as well as his American assistant, Ronni Karpen Moffit, in Washington, D.C., on September 21, 1976. Although the CIA reportedly obtained specific and detailed intelligence suggesting Contreras's involvement in ordering the Letelier assassination, this material remains classified and has been withheld at the request of the US Department of Justice (CIA, 2000). The CIA continued its contacts with Contreras until 1977.
It took me four years to pacify this country.
After the assassination of Orlando Letelier, tensions between Contreras and Pinochet escalated during Contreras' tenure. As a result, the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA) was shut down in 1977, and a new organization called the National Informations Center (CNI) took its place.
In 1976, Contreras, along with Gerhard Mertins, Sergio Arredondo, and an unidentified Brazilian general, traveled to Tehran. Their purpose was to propose a collaboration with the Shah regime to eliminate Carlos the Jackal. The exact details of the meetings and their outcomes remain unknown.
In 1978, Michael Townley agreed to an extradition to the United States in large part to seek protection from Contreras and Pedro Espinoza.