James David Rodríguez Rubio (born 12 July 1991) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger and captains the Colombia national team. Regarded as one of the best Colombian players of all time, he has been praised for his technique, vision, and playmaking skills. He is often considered the successor to his compatriot Carlos Valderrama. During the last decade, various statistical performance analyses and models in European football positioned him as the best attacking midfielder in the world.
Starting his career at Envigado, and then moving to Argentina side Banfield, Rodríguez became well known in Europe during his time at Porto, winning several trophies and individual awards during his three years at the club.
In 2014, he moved from Monaco to Real Madrid for a transfer fee of £63 million, beating Radamel Falcao as the most expensive Colombian football player and one of the most expensive players at the time. In his debut season, he was named in the La Liga Team of the Season and won La Liga Best Midfielder. Additionally, a study evaluating player productivity at Real Madrid determined that Rodríguez achieved the highest technical efficiency in history among the club's central and attacking midfielders due to his high frequency of goals and assists per minute.
In 2017, he signed for German club Bayern Munich on a two-year loan deal. Rodríguez recorded 14 goals and 14 assists. On a per-minute basis, he ranked second on the team in offensive productivity during both campaigns, trailing only Robert Lewandowski. Furthermore, he served as a primary progressive catalyst for the squad, leading a team that included Joshua Kimmich and Thiago in progressive passes per 90 minutes in both seasons.
In the summer of 2020, he signed for Premier League club Everton on a free transfer, staying there for one season before joining Qatar's Al-Rayyan and Greece's Olympiacos in 2021 and 2022, respectively. In 2023, 13 years after leaving South America, he returned to the continent by joining Brazilian club São Paulo. A month after his departure from São Paulo in July 2024, Rodríguez returned briefly to Europe with Rayo Vallecano before joining Mexican club León in 2025.
Rodríguez started his international career with the Colombia under-20 team, with which he won the 2011 Toulon Tournament. He then captained the U-20 team during the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Due to his performance in the tournament, he was regularly called into the senior squad by the age of 20. He played in the 2014, 2018 and 2026 FIFA World Cup, winning the Golden Boot in 2014 and being included in the Cup's All Star Team. He also represented his nation at the Copa América in 2015, 2016, 2019 and 2024, winning a third-place medal in 2016 and reaching the final in 2024, the latter in which he received the Golden Ball as the tournament's best player and broke Lionel Messi's record for the most assists in a single edition. With 131 caps, Rodríguez is Colombia's record appearance maker.
Rodríguez is the second-highest assist provider of all time in the history of World Cup CONMEBOL qualifiers, surpassing Lionel Messi in this overall tally and placing only behind Neymar. In international football overall, he managed to enter the top 10 players with the most assists in the history of national teams, surpassing Pelé.
Born in Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Rodríguez spent his childhood in the city of Ibagué, Tolima. He was born to ex-footballer Wilson James Rodríguez Bedoya and Maria Del Pilar Rubio.
Rodríguez started his professional career in 2006 with Colombian club Envigado. Although the club suffered relegation at the end of the year, he and Gio Moreno played key roles in helping the team secure promotion by winning the 2007 Primera B title on penalties. He became the second youngest Colombian player to start a professional match, playing his first match on 21 May 2006, at the age of 14.
In February 2008, Rodríguez was signed by Argentine team Banfield, and played a year with the club's youth teams. He made his first team debut on 7 February 2009 and became the youngest foreigner in Argentine football history in the process. He scored his first goal for the club on 27 February with a long range strike in a 3–1 victory over Rosario Central. He finished his first season with a goal in 11 appearances.
In 2009, Rodríguez became a regular first-team player, featuring in every game of the Apertura 2009. At just 17, he became the youngest foreigner to score a goal in Argentina. His second goal for Banfield came on 26 September, when he scored with a strike into the top corner from outside of the area in an important 2–1 win against Newell's Old Boys, a victory that helped Banfield win the Argentine championship for the first time in the club's history.
In December 2009, Italian club Udinese planned to make a bid for Rodríguez for a reported €5 million after the 2010 Copa Libertadores. However, Banfield rejected the bid, labelling it as "insufficient".
For the Clausura 2010, on 13 February 2010, Rodríguez scored a golazo in the match against arch-rivals Lanús with a left-footed lob to make the game 2–0 in the final minutes. After the game, daily sports website Diario Olé compared his playing and personal style to Cristiano Ronaldo and nicknamed him the "James Bond of Banfield".
On 10 February 2010, Rodríguez scored his first Copa Libertadores goal in a 2–1 home victory over Mexican club Monarcas Morelia. He added to his glowing reputation a week later with a goal in a daunting victory over Copa Libertadores group rivals Deportivo Cuenca away from home, scoring the fourth goal of the 4–1 victory with a nice left-footed finish in the box. His wonderful scoring season continued with a brace in the Copa Libertadores group match away to Uruguayan club Nacional on 10 March. Rodríguez scored first with a diving header and then from the penalty spot in a 2–2 draw. The 18-year-old netted another goal against Brazilian club Internacional on 29 April 2010 in the first leg of the 2010 Copa Libertadores round 16, which Banfield won 3–1. This goal brought his tally to five goals in seven games. However, Rodríguez' international season ended in defeat as his team went down on away goals with a 0–2 defeat in Porto Alegre in the second leg, in which he was red carded for two fouls.
On 6 July 2010, Rodríguez was signed by Porto for €5.1 million, with 30% economic rights retained by other parties. He signed a four-year contract with a €30 million release clause. Porto later re-sold 10% economic rights to third parties. On 18 July, he played his first game and scored his first goal in a friendly against Ajax. In November, Porto sold 35% economic rights (half of 70%) to Gol Football Luxembourg, S.A.R.L. for €2.5 million.
On 15 December 2010, Rodríguez scored his first competitive goal during a 3–1 Europa League home victory against Bulgarian club CSKA Sofia. On 17 May, Porto bought the remaining 30% economic rights from Convergence Capital Partners B.V. for €2.25 million and once again hold more than half of the economic rights with 55%. He scored a hat-trick and assisted once against Vitória de Guimarães in the 2011 Taça de Portugal Final, which Porto won 6–2.
On 13 June, Rodríguez signed a new five-year contract in which the release clause increased to €45 million. He finished the 2010–11 season with six goals and eight assists in 31 appearances. He also took home four trophies: the Super Cup title, the league title, the Europa League title, and the Cup title as Porto had a historic season.
In the 2011–12 season, Rodríguez scored 14 goals for Porto and delivered 11 assists. In 2011, he won the LPFP Award for Breakthrough Player of 2011–12 Primeira Liga season at age 20, becoming the first Colombian player to do so. He is a two-time winner of the SJPF Player of the Month. He won the Portuguese Golden Ball award in 2012, becoming the second Colombian to win the award after Radamel Falcao as well as the youngest player ever to hold the honour. On 20 September 2011 in a league match against Feirense, he punched Rabiola and was subsequently dismissed, missing the match against Benfica.