Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (Arabic: ابراهيم ابن الوليد بن عبد الملك, romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; died 25 January 750) was the penultimate Umayyad caliph, ruling for a few months in late 744.
Ibrahim was a son of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715) through a concubine Su'ar (or Budayra in other sources). In April 744, his half-brother Yazid III usurped their cousin Al-Walid II in a palace coup. Al-Walid II was killed, and his two sons and designated heirs were imprisoned. The Umayyad factions loyal to al-Walid revolted against Yazid III and marched on Damascus. However, they were defeated by Yazid's cousin, Sulayman ibn Hisham.
After taking power, Yazid III designated Ibrahim as his successor. His reign was cut short when he died of a brain tumor on 4 October 744. Ibrahim's succession intensified the ongoing Third Fitna as the powerful governor of al-Jazira, Marwan II ibn Muhammad, revolted in the name of Al-Walid II's imprisoned sons and marched on Damascus. Ibrahim sent Sulayman, who met Marwan near Baalbek with his personal army. He was defeated however, and retreated to Damascus. After having Al-Walid II's sons executed, Sulayman and Ibrahim fled to Palmyra. Marwan II entered Damascus peacefully and was proclaimed caliph. He announced a conciliatory policy, after which Ibrahim and Sulayman returned to Damascus and submitted to Marwan II.
Marwan II's rule was plagued with revolts, and soon the Abbasid revolution began in the distant province of Khurasan. In January 750, he was decisively defeated at the Battle of Zab, and fled to Egypt, where he was executed. The victorious Abbasids took over the caliphate, and began a violent purge of the Umayyad family members, in which Ibrahim was also executed.
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