François Charles Mauriac (French: [fʁɑ̃swa ʃaʁl(ə) moʁjak]; Occitan: Francés Carles Mauriac; 11 October 1885 – 1 September 1970) was a French novelist, dramatist, critic, poet, and journalist, a member of the Académie française (from 1933), and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur in 1958.
François Charles Mauriac was born on 11 October 1885 in Bordeaux, France.
He studied literature at the University of Bordeaux, graduating in 1905, after which he moved to Paris and briefly studied at the École des Chartes in 1908.
On 1 June 1933, he was elected a member of the Académie française, succeeding Eugène Brieux.
A former Action française supporter, he turned to the left during the Spanish Civil War, criticising the Catholic Church for its support of Franco. After the fall of France to the Axis during the Second World War, he briefly supported the collaborationist régime of Marshal Pétain, but joined the Resistance as early as December 1941. He was the only member of the Académie française to publish a Resistance text with the Editions de Minuit.
Mauriac had a bitter dispute with Albert Camus immediately following the Liberation of France. At that time, Camus edited the Resistance paper Combat (thereafter an overt daily, until 1947), while Mauriac wrote a column for Le Figaro. Camus said newly liberated France should purge all Nazi collaborator elements, but Mauriac warned that such disputes should be set aside in the interests of national reconciliation. Mauriac also doubted that justice would be impartial or dispassionate, given the emotional turmoil of the Liberation. Despite having been viciously criticised by Robert Brasillach, he campaigned against his execution.
He published a series of personal memoirs and a biography of Charles de Gaulle. Mauriac's complete works were published in twelve volumes between 1950 and 1956. He encouraged Elie Wiesel to write about his experiences as a Jewish teenager during the Holocaust, and wrote the foreword to Elie Wiesel's book Night.
Mauriac also had a bitter public dispute with Roger Peyrefitte, who criticised the Vatican in books such as Les Clés de saint Pierre (1953). Mauriac threatened to resign from the paper he was working with at the time (L'Express) if they did not stop carrying advertisements for Peyrefitte's books. The quarrel was exacerbated by the release of the film adaptation of Peyrefitte's Les Amitiés particulières, and culminated in a virulent open letter by Peyrefitte in which he accused Mauriac of homosexual tendencies and called him a Tartuffe, hypocrite.
Mauriac was opposed to French rule in Vietnam, and strongly condemned the use of torture by the French army in Algeria.
In 1952, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life". He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur in 1958.
Other honours and awards include:
1926 — Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française
1933 — Member of the Académie française
1958 — Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur
He was the brother of Pierre Mauriac (1882-1963), medical doctor and professor and Dean at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bordeaux. Pierre Mauriac was a member of the royalist political movement Action Française and actively backed Philippe Pétain and the Vichy regime during the German occupation. Following the Liberation of Bordeaux, François Mauriac, who was close to the General Charles de Gaulle, intervened on his brother’s behalf "to secure a lenient sentence" for his brother’s alleged collaboration.
He was the father of writer Claude Mauriac (1914–1996) and grandfather of Anne Wiazemsky, a French actress and author who worked with and married French director Jean-Luc Godard.
Mauriac died in Paris on 1 September 1970, and was interred in the Cimetière de Vemars, Val d'Oise, France.
His former home, the Domaine de Malagar (Malagar Estate), around 50 km (31 mi) south of Bordeaux, France, is now an historic site, which houses the Centre François Mauriac.