Afrânio Pompílio Bastos do Amaral (1 December 1894 in Belém – 29 November 1982 in São Paulo) was a Brazilian herpetologist.
As a youngster, he collected snakes for Augusto Emilio Goeldi (1859-1917). He studied medicine in Salvador, Bahia, later finding employment at the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo. Here, his work involved research and production of anti-venom serum. In 1921 he succeeded Vital Brazil (1865-1950) as director of the Instituto Butantan. During his career, he was the author of over 450 published works.
The following species are named in his honor:
Gymnodactylus amarali Barbour, 1925
Caaeteboia amarali (Wettstein, 1930)
Mastigodryas amarali (Stuart, 1938)
Also, the following subspecies is named in his honor:
Boa constrictor amarali (Stull, 1932)
"A general consideration of snake poisoning and observations on neotropical pit-vipers", 1925.
"South American snakes in the collection of the United States National Museum", 1925.
"Animaes venenosos do Brasil", 1930.
"Animais veneniferos, venenos e antivenenos", 1945.
"Serpentes do Brasil: iconografia colorida" [Brazilian snakes: a color iconography], 1977.